Grades are decided by the teacher appointed as examiner by the higher education institution. As a student, you should receive grades for the courses you have completed, unless the higher education institution has decided otherwise.
Higher education institutions are free to decide which grading system they would like to use. However, there are special provisions regarding practical training periods in certain teacher education programmes.
A decision to give a student a certain grade cannot be appealed, but it is possible to request a review of the decision. The examiner decides whether or not the grade should be changed.